HUM1000 - Introduction to the Humanities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

HUM1000 - Introduction to the Humanities - Essay Example I married, climbed the ladder of success and then wham; just when I thought it was all coming together nicely, there was my epiphany moment. How sad to have spent my entire life merely existing when my soul was dying to live! Such is life; full of surprises and lessons to learn. It’s amazing to see how fragile and unpredictable life is, full of twists and turns in the unexpected. We think we are living our lives in the utmost way, yet we’ve not begun to live at all. Existence carries a heavy price for everyone. There is the life we didn’t live, and all the joy missed along the way, as well as the life we endured, with all the misery and suffering like â€Å"a stone falling downward with increasing velocity.† I really didn’t know much about bringing my family close to me; most people were respectful and polite in families when I grew up. Honestly, I thought that’s how it was done. I was a good man, a good provider; I always tried to do the right thing at the right time, a proper life I lived. Isn’t that what good men do? Yet, I see â€Å"my life was not real at all but a terrible and huge deception which had hidden both life and death.† To live a lie is not to have lived at all. I would give anything to be able to go back and embrace my family; to be close to them, to really know them and have them know me. If only I could hold my children one more time, I would bring them close and tell them to love with all your heart, make each day the best day of your life, and most of all, choose people over things. Don’t worry so much about the things that don’t matter, the petty things that don’t really add quality to your life; those silly, small things will take care of themselves. The real world is the world of right now, today is all there is. Live your life on purpose, making each day a real part of your dream. Don’t wait until tomorrow

Blood Donation Essay Essay Example for Free

Blood Donation Essay Essay As you are listening to me, you might not think that today is the day that you will save a life. It is quite easy to save a life any day and it only takes a little bit of your time. I’m not talking about being a paramedic or fireman; I am talking about the simple act of donating blood. Almost anybody can donate blood but in order to do so, you must be fit and healthy. In other words; you’re not suffering from a cold, the flu, or any other illnesses. Also, it is extremely critical that you meet the ideal weight which would be anything above 45 KG. You must be between the ages 16-70 if you wish to donate your blood. Make sure that you eat a healthy meal before your donation and that you are drinking an ample amount of liquids preferably juice or water (and absolutely no alcohol) 3 hours prior to donating. [1] There are four key tips in order to have a successful blood donation. Make sure to keep yourself hydrated, wear something comfortable, bring a list of medication that you are taking (as it is important for the doctors to know about any prescription and/or over the counter medications that may be in your system) and lastly, make sure you maintain a healthy level of iron in your diet before donating your blood. Most importantly, you have to relax and feel at ease! Blood donation is an extremely safe procedure and there should be absolutely nothing to be concerned about. [2] Why should you donate blood? The answer is rather quite simple; safe blood saves lives and improves health. Your bloods main components: plasma, red cells, and platelets are vital for plenty of different uses. Plasma provides the body with plenty of nutrients and protein. Red blood cells are used predominantly in treatments for blood diseases along with cancer. They also help in the making of treating anemia. Platelets contribute to helping repair any signs of damaged body tissue. [3] The donation process from the time you arrive until the time you leave takes about an hour maximum. The donation itself is only about 8-10 minutes on average. The nurse will be sure to cleanse an area on your arm and then insert a sterile needle into it for the blood draw. This shot feels like a  quick pinch and is over in a matter of seconds. Certain donation types such as red cells, platelets or plasma can take up to 2 hours. The nurse draws approximately a pint of blood from you during every donation period. [4] So that now you know how easy it is to donate blood, it’s time to take action. After all, you have plenty of blood, so why not share? When you do, you will feel good about yourself and you will save a life. By giving blood, every donor is contributing to a nation-wide challenge to provide life-saving products whenever and wherever they are needed. Citation: [1] Australian Red Cross Blood Service â€Å"Am I eligible to donate blood?† http://www.donateblood.com.au/who-can-give/am-i-eligible Web. 2014. [2] The American Red Cross â€Å"Donation Process† http://www.redcrossblood.org/donating-blood/tips-successful-donation Web. 2015. [3] â€Å"Why give blood?† http://www.blood.co.uk/giving-blood/why-give-blood/ Web. [4] The American Red Cross â€Å"Donation Process† http://www.redcrossblood.org/donating-blood/donation-process Web. 2015.

Fuel Cell Technology :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Fuel Cell Technology Fuel Cells are a hot topic these days between the soon to come fuel cell cars that Toyota and Honda plan on unveiling this year and the $1.2 billion president Bush announced he would dedicate to fuel cell research during his State of the Union address. The least efficient of these electrochemical energy converters are at least as efficient as internal combustion engines and many are doubly as efficient when using special techniques. Exhaust from fuel cells is extremely clean, often consisting only of water. Although some use hydrocarbons, fuel cells give off around one one-hundredth of the pollutants given off by an internal combustion engine using the same amount of fuel (Fuel Cell Technology Handbook). Unfortunately some engineering and infrastructure problems, especially costs, are keeping fuel cells from commercial viability right now. A Brief History of Fuel Cell Technology The ideas behind fuel cells have existed for around one hundred and sixty years. Sir William Grove is cited as the first person to think that one could produce a current by reversing the electrolysis of water (SAE.org). However, it was until fifty years later that the term ‘fuel cell’ was coined by two researchers, Charles Langer and Ludwig Mond, trying to invent the first viable fuel cell fueled by coal gas (SAE.org). The technology lay dormant for most of the early twentieth century because of great advances in the use of internal combustion engines. It wasn’t until 1959 that practical fuel cells were first demonstrated. NASA quickly took interest in the technology for the Apollo missions and since there has been a renaissance in research and development of fuel cells. Currently, there are on the order of hundreds of fuel cell generators in operation world wide, cities such as L.A., Chicago, and New York, own fuel cell powered public transit vehicles, and both Honda and Toyota plan on making fuel cell powered car commercially available within one year (fuelcells.org). How a Fuel Cell Works A fuel cell is an energy converter that uses electrochemical energy to create an electric current. Because they use electrochemistry for power, fuel cells are often likened to batteries that run on fuel. This description is not a bad one, but to be more precise, a fuel cell creates direct current by ionizing a fuel and then moving those ions through a circuit. The three main components are the anode (negatively charged piece), cathode (positively charge piece), and electrolyte (medium for the transfer of ions). Fuel, typically hydrogen, is ionized at the anode by a catalyst (substance that can change an interaction, but does not change the chemistry of it).

Gay Marriage is Immoral Essay

The debate over the acceptability of the same sex marriage in today’s world has raged on for a number of years now. Both pro and anti same sex marriage activists have been locked in a perpetual tug of war over whether this marriage is ethical or unethical or whether it should be legalized or outlawed. Since the first same sex marriage was given a formal recognition in Denmark, efforts have been stepped up by gay activists to have the same replicated in Europe and in the United States and with considerable success though. The term same sex marriage is used to denote a civil union of people from the same sex, recognized by law and accepted by the society. With all the controversy that has raged over this debate and after a clear analysis of the arguments and counter arguments, this paper maintains that same sex marriages are immoral and defy the natural order of the society. There are a number of reasons that indicate that gay marriages are immoral and should not be in any way recognized by law or by the society. The traditional stand and definition of marriage, a definition that has stood the test of time is that it is union of two consenting people, a man and a woman and not a union of two men or two women. This is the same stand taken by the two important Holy books; the Bible and the Quran. For the law to recognize same sex marriages or the society to purport to support gay unions, it is to go against the conventions as set by religion and traditions. Islam is vehemently opposed to same sex marriages. In the Quran, Muhammad Abu Zahra defines marriage as a contract between a man and a woman with an intention of living and assisting each other. Ibn Uthaimeen also takes a similar comprehensive perspective in regard to marriage seeing it too as a mutual contract entered into by a man and a woman with the sole purpose of bringing up a family. Procreation is core to marriage from an Islamic perspective. Christianity is against the union of gays in a marriage. The motivation behind this opposition stems from the book of Genesis where it says that God created man and a woman so that they can live together and assist each other. God saw that man had grown lonely in the garden of Aden and thought that He could give him a helper. This helper turned out to be a woman. According to the bible, homosexuality is a sin and will be highly punished. The Bible seems to lump homosexuals alongside murderers and thieves, meaning that it highly disapproves of such tendencies. It hence would be a contravention of Christianity for the same church to go ahead and bless same sex marriages (Caramagno, Thomas C, 34). There is a ranging controversy in the modern world when the issue of the same sex marriages comes up especially amongst Christians. Many liberal churches have gone ahead and blessed same sex marriages purporting to get the justification for this from the bible. This is not possible as the bible strongly condemns it, referring to it as an abomination. The new liberal churches are just consumed by the desire to appear modern and accommodating but not driven by the motivation to fulfill bibles promises. The Catholic Church for example has maintained its conservative stand on these issues quoting verses from the bible and not willing to conform to modernity, this is in spite of the fact that a number of bishops and presents have come out in a strong support of same sex marriages. It should be emphasized that in spite of the modern views on gay marriages, the bible still sees it as an immoral practice. The only union that Christianity should recognize is the marriage between a man and a wife (Robert P. George, Jean Bethke Elshtain, 46). A look at the various cultures in the world indicates that they are against homosexuality and by extension same sex marriages. A look at the history of homosexuality shows that it has always been frowned upon in the society, a concept referred to as homophobia. The mid of last century was full of hostilities towards homosexuals who were being subjected to all manner of injustices in the society. This sort of discrimination was cultural based; traditions were against homosexuality in the dominant feeling that it was immoral and also an abnormal practice. This is a notion that still stands in many cultures. Only in the last decades of the last century did this discrimination subside. Cultural relativism posits that our beliefs and practices are direct products of our culture. The dominant cultures are against homosexuality and hence no more accommodating towards same sex marriages. Emmanuel Kant’s philosophy on categorical imperative states that humanity should â€Å"act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law† (James welling, 1993) According to Kant, what is considered moral is one which can be done by everybody under all circumstances. Same sex marriages then are not acceptable if interpreted alongside this line of thinking. Traditionally, the real essence of marriage is procreation. This is something that can be achieved through same sex marriages. Emmanuel Kant could not have approved same sex marriages on the basis that they can not be taken up by whole or greater portion of the society. Similar to the cultural relativism principle is the virtue theory that seeks to lay great emphasis on virtues. The society has clearly demarcated virtues from vices. Stealing and promiscuity are vices that are frowned upon by every orthodox society. Homosexuality has been traditionally considered a vice and hence same sex marriage according to the virtue theory is also unacceptable. There is also the concern that allowing same sex marriage is tantamount to signaling the end of the world in terms of population density. It has been mentioned that religion and traditions recognize procreation as a key factor in marriage. This is one aspect that is clearly missing from gay marriages. It is important to note though that there are laws in some states and countries that allow same sex partners to adopt children. Sociologists have questioned the rationality of such an idea and whether such children will be able to grow up like normal kids. Perfect families comprise of both man and wife who come together to bring up children giving them both maternal and paternal love. Same sex marriages deny children the rights to enjoy this kind of love. There are a number of arguments that have been put forward by the proponents of same sex marriages. One of them centers on freedom association as a basic right. Freedom of choice movement and association are basic rights enshrined in the bill of rights. Discrimination is also an issue tackled in the same breath when human rights come up. By failing to give recognition to same sex marriages, the law and the society are discriminating against the minority. They go ahead and argue that homosexuals are human beings in need of recognition and liberty to do what they see fit without any form of discrimination. To deny them the right to marry like the heterosexuals is a contravention of their rights, privileges and benefits accessible to heterosexual partners in marriage. This is their basic human right (Wolfson, Evan, 19). Proponents of same sex marriages also use the evolution theory to justify its appropriateness. They have noted that the society and traditions have undergone an evolution and the society is gradually becoming more accommodating. Some held notions traditionally have ceased to hold. Polygamy was acceptable in the past but it is frowned upon nowadays. Homosexuality was seen as illegal but now it has become an acceptable practice. Having children out of wedlock is not considered a cardinal sin anymore. Proponents are saying that the same case should happen to the institution of marriage. The traditional idea of marriage as being a union of a man and a woman should also change to include same sex partners to ensure that many people join this holy institution Homosexuality too they argue is not unnatural, it is not unusual as some people claim it is. Homosexuality is a natural behavior deeply ingrained in a person’s genes and hence cannot be controlled. Prohibiting same sex marriages on the basis that people can change their behavior is wrong as it denies them a chance to be in a lasting, loving and faithful relationship as sexual orientation is incontrollable (Chauncey, George, 19). On the issue of its legalization, proponents of same sex marriages scoff at the idea that religion should have a say on whether it should be legal or should be prohibited. They claim that separation of states and religion is a key ingredient to any progressive and democratic nation. The government hence should not have a say on who one should marry or should not marry. This however is an argument that does not hold any water. Though they are right in their claim that the church and the state should be separated, this separation however does not delink totally religion from the process of law making. Laws and government legislations are a product of traditions and practices which to a certain extent are inspired by religion. Religious views have to be incorporated to ensure synergy. The argument on the evolution of societal practices is ill advised, just because changes have occurred and some things frowned upon have become acceptable does not mean that the society has to accept every thing that comes its way even when its inappropriateness has been recognized. Proponents of same sex marriage when they advocate against discrimination and decry their human rights violation. Discrimination against any person for his sexual orientation or gender is not acceptable, but this does not mean that same sex marriage is acceptable, but this does not mean that same sex marriages should be recognized. The societal traditions and values have to be upheld. In conclusion, it is important to note that prohibiting same sex marriages is not in anyway contravening fundamental rights of same sex partners, it is just a way of upholding values, beliefs and ideals entrenched deep in the society. Same sex marriages are immoral as they go against the conventions of the Bible and the Quran, both of which consider it immoral. Same sex marriages go against the traditional institution of marriage as they do not conform to one of its core essential, procreation. Legalizing same sex marriage is tantamount to sanctioning moral erosion and contravention of societal values and ideals. Works Cited Kant, Immanuel; translated by James W. Ellington [1785] Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals 3rd ed. Hackett. 1993, p30. Wolfson, Evan . Why Marriage Matters: America, Equality, and Gay People’s Right to Marry. New York: Simon & Schuster. 2004, 19.

Operation Gomorrah Essay

â€Å"Operation Gomorrah† Ingram recalls her childhood experiences of war within her home city of Hamburg, Germany. The writing techniques and detailed descriptions within the autobiographical narrative reflect Ingram’s sensitive nature and the emotional link she has to her childhood because of this traumatic event. â€Å"I was eight years old and a respectful, obedient child. But one day in late July my mother asked me to do something and I disobeyed her, and I shall be forever glad that I did.†(Marione Ingram 123) Usually a boy who is only 8 years old should be naughty and mischievous. However, at the beginning of the story, the author tells us that he was thought to be a respectful, obedient child by others. The plot that Ingram does not want to sent his baby sister Renate to his cousin’s apartment (123) indicate that Ingram has his own thoughts, has his likes and dislikes. But he is so sensitive that he cares too much about what others think. He loves his mother, he does not willing to let her down. So, although he does not want to go outside from within, he tried (123). We can imagine that how much joy and pleasure of childhood he has lost to force himself to live up to this reputation to be respectful and obedient. This is too cruel to this little boy. But he was thrilled to be outdoors (123). At that moment, there must have been an intense internal conflict in his heart. On the one hand, he does not willing to destroy his reputation to be obedient as well as let his mother down, but on the other hand, he cannot manage to overcome his internal fears. After a struggle, he turned back and then began to hurry to home (123). When he thought back to the whole story, he found that if he had followed his mother’s direction to carry his baby sister to his cousin’s apartment and he himself stayed there, he would not have experienced the great disaster: the Operation Gomorrah. For the obedient child, he regrets for his whole life for that only one resist. His sensitive makes him a person who always thinks too much. That he always considers the feelings of others, regrets the past and be worried about the future makes him a shilly-shally and inner-turmoiled person. Ingram states â€Å"I pulled mother away from the stove, tugging first one limp arm and then the other. I managed to get her head and a shoulder into the  dining room†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (124) â€Å"I was sitting on the floor with her head in my lap, trying to think what to do, when coming from the bottom of the stairwell where I’d left the pram I could hear the faint sounds of my baby sister’s whimpering†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (124) â€Å"There were no air raids to disturb us, though I woke up often to see if she was still unconscious†¦ † (125). When his mother was ill, the 8-year-old lithe boy took the responsibility of taking care of his mother and his baby sister. His behavior described in this part gave me the feeling of unreal. He took care of his mother and baby sister so carefully that he can even hear the faint sounds of his baby sister’s whimpering from the bottom of the stairwell. He was worried about his mother and baby sister and tomorrow’s l ife, so he woke up often during that night. It is totally not like a little boy’s behavior. All of these plots indicate that Ingram has subtle nerves. He is sensitive to environment. â€Å"I looked at mother and I understood† (Marione Ingram 125). What did this little boy understand from two adults’ conversation? At first reading I do not understand what he got. But then I understood that Inge was reluctant to help them during that desperate situation. From Inge’s talk, emotion and action, he and his mother understood the key point. He is so smart and sensitive to things. His sensitivity inspires his thinking. He is good at observation and analysis. I have to admire the little boy’s understanding. But the little boy did not show any unhappiness or lose his temper about his cousin’s attitude. He was so quiet just keep his thought in his mind. As for the disaster, Marion Ingram used abundant detail description to show the chaos scene. He describes his former playmate like this â€Å"She was holding her favorite doll, holding it tight and turning slightly away as if she feared I might try to snatch it from her†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (127). The description showed a girl’s behavior in desperate situation vividly. There are also many environmental descriptions during the bombing. â€Å"A false dawn lit the southeastern sky, rouging mother’s cheeks and painting the walls of buildings on our side of the street a lurid red†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (128). At one point between life and death, Ingram still have one part of his heart concerning his mothers’ emotion and remember forever. When he was in his mother’s arm, he was observing how other people trying to survive. â€Å"Then a woman carrying  an infant came running down the street along the same route we had taken. She was followed by a young man dressed in the khaki shorts and shirt of a Hitler Youth. I thought they must be fleeting from a bomb shelter that had been damaged, possibly the one mother had been heading for when we first left our apartment building†¦ † (131). There are abundant psychological and action descriptions. â€Å"I thought they must be fleeting from a bomb shelter that had been damaged†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (131). â€Å"I thought his difficulty might be the hot wind roaring down the avenue in front of us and almost expected to see him lifted up as he ran†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (131). â€Å"I thought I could hear their screams and ducked down into the crater with my eyes closed and my hands oter my ears.† (131). â€Å"When it seemed that I was about to suffocate, I pulled the blanket away and stuck up my head†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (131-132). â€Å"When I closed my eyes it felt as if we were lying between railroad tracks while an endless train rumbled over us so swiftly†¦Ã¢â ‚¬  (132). All these descriptions are so fine, specific and smooth that almost give us a movie picture. Sensitive and delicate as he is, he is able to remember every single detail, every change in emotion, every piece of his thought. In conclusion, Marione Ingram concludes abundant detail descriptions in this essay that even gave readers the feeling that this story is not his own story. In this way, the author shaped a sensitive character from different point of view. And because of his sensitive nature, he is also a shilly-shally person who always suffers intense inner struggle, he is a good thinker and observer which made him a good writer, he is a very kind person who would consider for others at every minutes.

how Alfred changes in the contender Essays

how Alfred changes in the contender Essays how Alfred changes in the contender Paper how Alfred changes in the contender Paper How Alfred changes what kind of changes does Alfred go through in the book The Contender by Robert Lipsyte. what he does to change himself throughout the book. the first change that he makes is that he disciplines himself. How Alfred disciplines himself is that he gets up at five A. M every morning. Then he goes out to train by Jogging around his neighborhood every single day. He then gets ready for work which is something he did before. The second change in Alfred is that he is more confident, and he stands up for himself when he is getting bullied. He finally says no to Major,when he asks Alfred to disable the burglar alarm. MaJor was shocked that Alfred would say no to him,He was shocked because Alfred never talked back to Major and never said no to him before for anything. MaJor then says to Alfred that he will give him a few days to change his mind. The third change that Alfred becomes a well rounded person with many new friends to help him out. Also (its the Effort and not the win that makes the man). Alfred has now found a purpose in life and he considers going back to school instead of being a chool dropout. His goals are now to go back to school and try to graduate and become more successful throughout his life. In conclusion Alfred has evolved into a mature,selfless adolescent who seems destined to apply what he learned from being a boxer. And to know what it means to have a bright future ahead of him while trying to save his best friend from dying or killing himself from some stupid decisions from doing drugs without knowing the side effects from them. And from continuing a life of drugs and being self destructive.

Heres the catch essays

Heres the catch essays I would have to say that Joseph Hellers Catch-22, was at least enjoyable to read. There were several aspects about it that made it good and bad at the same time. First, I think the most important thing aspect to look at, is that Heller makes death, a traditionally sickening topic, a humorous event. It is humorous because of the way he illustrates who is crazy. I assumed that Yossarian was the insane one in the beginning. Now, I cant say that I am sure. I like how this book makes the reader think. Who really is crazy? Does anyone know? Yossarian is doing anything he needs to, to survive. Does that make him insane? In my eyes, he is living on instincts, the way he should. The threat of death keeps him going. He is not insane. So who is insane, the reader, the writer? I dont feel that I can answer that. If anything, I think all of the above. It is neat to see how one would act when faced with death. I think what Heller was trying to say is that when someone knows they a re dying, nothing makes sense to them. When we see people that know they are dying, we think that they dont make sense. So, we cant really know who is making sense. Its very tricky in that way. This at least kept me awake and thinking while reading it. I think the main conflict of the story, was between humanity and the rules. We are forced to do something by law then we pay the ultimate price for it. The best part is that we do it all for the idea that we are protecting those laws. The idea of a Catch-22 is interesting. Its like saying, A person has the right to do anything that another person cannot stop them from doing. This catch appears throughout the entire book. It was quite evident when the Italian woman is talking about the Military Police. It is also clearly evident when Yossarian is walking down the stairs. He is cursing Catch-22, although he doesnt believe in it. Ther...

Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus, Roman Statesman

Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus, Roman Statesman Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus (c. 519–430  BCE) was a farmer, statesman, and military leader who lived in early Rome. He considered himself a farmer above all, but when he was called to serve his country he did so well, efficiently, and without question, even though a prolonged absence from his farm could mean starvation for his family. When he served his country, he made his stint as dictator as brief as possible. For his faithful service, he became a model of Roman virtue. Fast Facts: Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus Known For: Cincinnatus was a Roman statesman who served as the kingdoms dictator during at least one time of crisis; he later became a model of Roman virtue and public service.Also Known As: Lucius Quintius CincinnatusBorn: c. 519 BCE in the Kingdom of RomeDied: c. 430 BCE in the Roman RepublicSpouse: RacillaChildren: Caeso Early Life Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus was born around 519 BCE in Rome. At the time, Rome was still a small kingdom made up of the city and its surrounding territory. Lucius was a member of the Quinctia, a patrician family that produced numerous state officials. Lucius was given the name Cincinnatus, meaning the curly-haired. Historians believe that Cincinnatuss family was wealthy; however, little else is known about his family or his early life. Consul By 462 BCE, the Roman kingdom was in trouble. Conflicts had escalated between the wealthy, powerful patricians and the lesser plebeians, who were fighting for constitutional reforms that would have placed limits on patrician authority. Dissension between these two groups eventually turned violent, weakening Roman power in the region. According to legend, Cincinnatuss son Caeso was one of the most violent offenders in the struggle between the patricians and the plebeians. To prevent the plebeians from assembling in the Roman Forum, Caeso would apparently organize gangs to push them out. Caesos activities eventually led to charges being brought against him. Rather than face justice, however, he fled to Tuscany. In 460 BCE, the Roman consul Publius Valerius Poplicola was killed by rebel plebeians. Cincinnatus was called in to take his place; in this new position, however, he apparently had only moderate success in quelling the rebellion. He eventually stepped down and returned to his farm. At the same time, the Romans were at war with the Aequi, an Italic tribe about whom historians know very little. After losing several battles, the Aequi managed to trick and trap the Romans. A few Roman horsemen then escaped to Rome to warn the Senate of their armys plight. Dictator Cincinnatus was apparently plowing his field  when he learned he had been appointed dictator, a position the Romans had created strictly for emergencies, for six months. He was asked to help defend the Romans against the neighboring Aequi, who had surrounded the Roman army and the consul Minucius in the Alban Hills. A group of Senators was sent to bring Cincinnatus the news. He accepted the appointment and dressed in his white toga before traveling to Rome, where he was given several bodyguards for protection. Cincinnatus quickly organized an army, calling together all the Roman men who were old enough to serve. He commanded them against the Aequi at the Battle of Mount Algidus, which took place in the region of Latium. Although the Romans were expected to lose, they quickly defeated the Aequi under the leadership of Cincinnatus and his Master of the Horse, Lucius Tarquitius. Cincinnatus made the defeated Aequi pass under a yoke of spears to show their subjugation. He took the Aequi leaders as prisoners and brought them to Rome for punishment. After this great victory, Cincinnatus gave up the title of dictator 16 days after it had been granted and promptly returned to his farm.​ His faithful service and lack of ambition made him a hero in the eyes of his countrymen. According to some accounts, Cincinnatus was appointed dictator again for a later Roman crisis in the wake of a grain distribution scandal. This time, a plebeian named Spurius Maelius was allegedly planning to bribe the poor as part of a plot to make himself king. There was a famine going at the time but Maelius, who was in possession of a large store of wheat, was allegedly selling it to other plebeians at a low price to curry favor with them. This worried the Roman patricians, who feared he had ulterior motives for his generosity. Once again, Cincinnatus- now 80 years old, according to Livy- was appointed dictator. He made Gaius Servilius Structus Ahala his Master of the Horse. Cincinnatus issued orders for Maelius to appear before him but Maelius fled. During the ensuing manhunt, Ahala ended up killing Maelius. A hero again, Cincinnatus resigned his post after 21 days. Death There is little information about Cincinnatuss life after his second term as dictator. He is reported to have died around 430 BCE. Legacy The life and accomplishments of Cincinnatus- whether true or merely legendary- were an important part of early Roman history. The farmer-turned-dictator became a model of Roman virtue; he was celebrated by later Romans for his loyalty and brave service. Unlike some other Roman leaders, who plotted and schemed to build their own power and wealth, Cincinnatus did not exploit his authority. After he had performed the duties required of him, he swiftly resigned and returned to his quiet life in the country. Cincinnatus is the subject of several notable artworks, including Riberas Cincinnatus Leaves the Plough to Dictate Laws to Rome. Many places are named in his honor, including Cincinnatti, Ohio, and Cincinnatus, New York. A statue of the Roman leader stands in Tuileries Garden in France. Sources Hillyard, Michael J.  Cincinnatus and the Citizen-Servant Ideal: the Roman Legends Life, Times, and Legacy. Xlibris, 2001.Livy.  Rome and Italy: the History of Rome from Its Foundation. Edited by R. M. Ogilvie, Penguin, 2004.Neel, Jaclyn.  Early Rome: Myth and Society. John Wiley Sons, Inc., 2017.

Crossing Delancey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Crossing Delancey - Essay Example Crossing Delancey presents traditional Jewish values in an enjoyable and humorous manner and confirms the traditional principles of marriage and relationships. The plot of the film underlines some key aspects, such as love and concern, and evolves around the relationship between Isabelle â€Å"Izzie† and her grandmother Bubbie, who wants her granddaughter to marry a nice Jewish man and start a traditional family. The movie, directed by Joan Micklin Silver, includes many great actors, such Amy Irving as Izzie,  Peter Riegert as Sam, and  Reizl Bozyk as Bubbie. However, Crossing Delancey is a great romantic movie because of how the story progresses, character development, and the acting skills on show. To start with, the plot begins with a young intelligent Jewish woman who values her independence and has a good job. She meets regularly with successful writers, poets, and novelists; she also she has a good number of friends and lives in a nice apartment. Isabelle often visits her grandmother Bubbie,  who wants her granddaughter to marry a nice Jewish man and start her own family. Because of this, Bubbie  asks for help from  Hannah Mandelbaum, a marriage maker, to find Izzie the perfect match. Meanwhile, Isabelle has feelings for Anton Maes, a foreign writer, and wants to be with him; however, Sam the pickle salesman appears in her life when the matchmaker introduces him to Isabelle and her grandmother. Despite this, Izzie is not interested in going out with him due to the busyness of her job, not to mention her desire to be with Anton Maes. As the plot progresses, Bubbie keeps forcing Isabelle to meet new men, as she wants to see her granddaughter get married and to not to b e alone anymore. She told Isabelle that â€Å"it does not matter how much money you make because if you are alone then you are sick.† She also told her that she would be â€Å"alone in a room like a dog.† Izzie asked Sam out to make up for her lack

Must complete a summary post at the end of the discussion reflecting Essay

Must complete a summary post at the end of the discussion reflecting on your learning - Essay Example For instance, in a huge economy such as the UK, marketers need to properly budget for marketing research so that they can obtain the much needed information to design effective strategies in their operations. Various strategies can be implemented in order to obtain information from different sources. For instance, the marketers can implement the interactive strategy with the targeted audiences in order to get their views about their needs and interests with regards to products offered. In the same vein, organizations can also seek information from their suppliers to help them make informed business decisions. Marketing research can be carried out in order to obtain this kind of information. Unit 6 also covers the concepts of Product and Price. Essentially, all businesses are primarily concerned with satisfying the needs of the targeted consumers in a profitable way. This means that a product or service offered by the organization should be clearly defined and the price should also be set in accordance with the market forces obtaining at a particular period in order to attract many buyers. Through the use of the marketing mix involving the product, price, place and promotion, the marketers are in a better position to determine all the factors that can help improve the offering to the targeted customers. The strategy can be implemented in both B2C and B2B marketing. The organization’s capability to define its product and to price it correctly plays a pivotal role in determining its success or failure in its operations. The other important element that should be taken into consideration when determining the price of a particular product is its life cycle. Pricing m echanisms are usually determined by the life cycle of the product mainly comprised of four stages namely: introduction, growth, maturity and decline. The growth and maturity stages often attract high prices for the product since many customers would be interested in

Qualitative research and quantitative research Essay

Qualitative research and quantitative research - Essay Example dentifies a subjective approach and applies strategies such as â€Å"case studies, personal experience, life story, interview, and observation† among other techniques (Neergaard and Ulhoi, 2007, p. 5). Quantitative research however defines a scientific approach to measurement and evaluation of relationships between variables. It involves a systematic and predetermined approach that develops hypothesis from background information on a topic of interest, collects data, and analyses data for evaluating the set hypothesis (Nykiel, 2007). Quantitative research is more valid than qualitative research and difference in characteristics of the two research methods support this. Level of objectivity of quantitative research than qualitative research methods establish higher-level validity on quantitative research than on qualitative research because qualitative research is subjective and therefore susceptible to bias from researchers and research participants. This is contrary to the scope of quantitative research whose data and data analysis methods are, significantly, independent of researchers and research participants’ influence. Quantitative research designs, such as experimental and quasi-experimental designs, also ensure accuracy of collected data towards validity. The deductive approach of quantitative research as compared to qualitative research’s inductive approach also supports higher-level validity in quantitative research (Hays and Singh,

Marketing and PromotionBuilding the image and the brand Essay

Marketing and PromotionBuilding the image and the brand - Essay Example To begin with, it is simple. The simplicity is evident by the choice of two colours; whereby, purple is the background, and white represents the wordings. Thus, it makes it easy to describe and memorise. Second, the logo is timeless. Reason being, it is less trendy therefore it would be relevant for a long time. Third, the logo is versatile. Thus, it makes it possible to be printed in diverse sizes; over various mediums; and dissimilar purposes without losing its significance. Finally, the logo has entirely targeted its audience. This is evident by the use of purple and white colours. Purple meaning royalty and nobility whereas white meaning brilliance and safety. (Mallon) On a personal perspective, the logo for the Art Gallery of NSW would not benefit from any modification. Reason being; it has fully utilized the qualities of a good logo. These qualities include being simple; versatile; appropriate; memorable; timeless and distinctive. Consequently, they will have more customers; because they will have a good feeling towards the Gallery.

What is the best way to learn a second language Essay

What is the best way to learn a second language - Essay Example er will consider speaking with native speakers as the preeminent manner of assimilating a new language, immersing one’s self in the community or using technological advancements in order to understand and speak the language well. Experiences of people proved that communicating with native speakers will help a person learn a new language speedily and more effectively. Therefore, the best way of learning a language is to speak with people who are fluent in the language. By communicating with native speakers, one does not only get the chance of speaking the language but also listens and gets used to the arrangement of words, grammar and other important features of the language. This speeds up the process because it demands a person’s analytical skills to be put into practice, thereby making him understand the language better. One good thing to consider is perhaps for a learner to live with the native speakers if possible. Staying with a family could be very helpful for the learner because he could observe them better and understand their manner of speech as he gets to know the members of the family. When this is not possible, living within a community of native speakers would be a good idea because a learner will have more time to communicate with the people around him. Listening to the people alone can be of great help because the learner will get used to the sounds of the language. Communicating with them will definitely be a huge advantage because one gets to practice and experiment on his observations and the things he is learning. The person applies what he learns right away and therefore, he can correct himself the earliest possible time through his observations among the native speakers. In addition, one can also quickly learn a new language through the use of technological gadgets which are readily available these days. When living with a family or community of native speakers is impossible, one can still immerse himself in the company of native

Parody of Personal Profile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Parody of Personal Profile - Essay Example life-changing experience of witnessing a suicide by a lady from homo sapiens – deep reflections on the concept of the life of a moth – decision to dedicate the remaining life to disprove conventional beliefs – personal epiphany – the nature of career always to the altruistic side – the mission to make the lives of others beautiful – successful at making the dreams of lovers come true – a complex and clearer understanding of life materialized through the substantial amount of work done so far. I am a strong willed female moth blessed with impeccable physical attributes and the right amount of knowledge and experience to use it discreetly. Apart from my innumerable past experiences of unquestionable success in the courtship contests exclusively for the flying creatures, I had also been considered the best bet in espionage related works for public and private missions. I have the gift to camouflage myself among draperies and wallpapers. I had been employed by many agencies to peep into many a lady’s sweet secrets since I hide best in their floral gowns. My life had been deeply influenced by intense childhood experiences of grief and remorse after losing both my parents to fire. Though I am aware that my genes make it inevitable that I am also to be attracted to the flames of death utlimately, I am intent on using my attractive and brief life for the benefit of others. The most significant aspect of my individuality is my ability to remain silent and invisible in the background. This allows me the space and freedom to see life at close quarters, even as I remain an unobtrusive entity. My beauty can be perceived only by those who have a keen eye for minute details. The spots and designs of my personality can appeal to all those who are observant, be it someone from my own species (preferably from the opposite sex) or anyone else who cares for small things. simple and ephemeral life has some meaning. I realized it when I observed a lady from the

What is the best way to learn a second language Essay

What is the best way to learn a second language - Essay Example er will consider speaking with native speakers as the preeminent manner of assimilating a new language, immersing one’s self in the community or using technological advancements in order to understand and speak the language well. Experiences of people proved that communicating with native speakers will help a person learn a new language speedily and more effectively. Therefore, the best way of learning a language is to speak with people who are fluent in the language. By communicating with native speakers, one does not only get the chance of speaking the language but also listens and gets used to the arrangement of words, grammar and other important features of the language. This speeds up the process because it demands a person’s analytical skills to be put into practice, thereby making him understand the language better. One good thing to consider is perhaps for a learner to live with the native speakers if possible. Staying with a family could be very helpful for the learner because he could observe them better and understand their manner of speech as he gets to know the members of the family. When this is not possible, living within a community of native speakers would be a good idea because a learner will have more time to communicate with the people around him. Listening to the people alone can be of great help because the learner will get used to the sounds of the language. Communicating with them will definitely be a huge advantage because one gets to practice and experiment on his observations and the things he is learning. The person applies what he learns right away and therefore, he can correct himself the earliest possible time through his observations among the native speakers. In addition, one can also quickly learn a new language through the use of technological gadgets which are readily available these days. When living with a family or community of native speakers is impossible, one can still immerse himself in the company of native

Identify the main changes from one period to the other using Essay

Identify the main changes from one period to the other using analytical techniques, having calculated the ratios - Essay Example The Return on capital employed (ROCE) has also fallen from 35% to 5.9% in March 2012 which is also mainly due to deceased profits for the year. Since profitability ratios are all based on profits for the year the underlying problem is the drastic fall in profit as compared to last year which is concerning. The operating profit margin has fallen by 9% from 10.8% to only 1.8% this year. Despite of increase in sales revenue an immense increase was seen in the cost of sales and the operating expenses which both increased by 30% and 43.6% respectively, while the sales is merely increased by 19.6%. Another factor further contributing to the decrease in profit is high interest cost incurred this year which has increased from $ 18m to $ 32m this year making an increase of 77.7%. On the efficiency side the ratios seems pretty constant this year form inventories turnover days remaining at 56.7 days which was 56.6 days last year, the debtors days at 37.2 days which has an decrease of 2 days whi ch was 39.1 days last year. The sales to capital employed ratio have also been increased a little which is 3.36 times this year. Since there was an increase recorded in sales the sales per employee shows an inverse effect which has decreased by 11.1% this year. The liquidity ratios seem decreasing too due to increasing liabilities this year accompanied by decrease in profits and cash flow position. The current ratio of the company decreased by 0.3 times and is at 1.6:1 times which is isolation is a good ratio above 1 but comparatively has fallen from last year. Similarly acid test ratio has also fallen from 0.8:1 times to 0.6:1 times where a slight fall was seen. However the cash from obligation has fallen from 0.9 times to 0.1 times, which can be quite alarming for the company, the reason causing such a change is the decreasing cash flow and increasing liabilities of the company. The gearing of the company has also increased from last year from 26.2% to 36% this year. On the other hand the interest cover ratio of the company has drastically fallen due to increased interest payment and decreasing profit this year which has fallen from 13.5 times to only 1.5 times this year. The investment ratios however seemed to increase for the period and weren’t as bad as other ratios. The dividend paid for the period was constant from last year at $ 40m despite of low profits this year. This situation made the dividend payout ratio increase from 24.2% to 363.3% and the dividend yield ratio was increased from 3% to 4.9%. The EPS of the company also decreased drastically because of low reported profits this year from 27.5c from last year to 1.8c this year. The price earning ratio of the company has dramatically increased from 9.1 times to 83.3 times. 2. Give possible reasons for variances, making whatever assumptions you feel may be appropriate, whilst stating the assumptions made. The ratios analysis shows few concerning areas in the company which have occurred this year. The company’s overall performance has deteriorated this year with decreasing ratios mainly seen in the profitability and liquidity areas. Other then that too the company has shown a low performance. The first and the foremost is the profitability

Older and Wiser Essay Example for Free

Older and Wiser Essay Frank Heberer, the Human Resources Manager of Medignostics, finds it difficult to accept the aging employees of his firm as part of an energetic workforce. According to Heberer, the older employees of the company are not as productive as the young. However, Bertha Weber from the marketing department trusts that the older employees of Medignostics are necessary for the firm. She intercedes on behalf of the aging employees of the firm to point out to Heberer that it is only the older employee who truly knows the kind of products to sell other aged people. As an example, Weber mentions the successful arthritis campaign of Medignostics which was spearheaded by an aging employee – somebody who was expected to certainly know more about arthritis than the young employees. Weber also points out to Heberer that he, being only 45 years of age, cannot be expected to successfully market products for the aged people. Rather, it is only the aging employee who understands the aches and pains of old age that can successfully market health products and services for other aging people. In other words, the aging employee of a health products company, or any other organization for that matter, is best qualified to market products for the aged. Not only does the aging marketer know the kinds of products and services needed by the aged, but he also is aware of the kind of marketing communication that is required to reach out to the aged. The aging employee is actually expected to most perfectly understand the marketing mix for products that are especially made for the aged. This employee is in an excellent position to decide on the prices of products to be sold to the aged. Moreover, he knows where to place the products to sell the aged. Yet another advantage of older employees put forth by Weber is that the aging employee knows the company better than anybody else. Having worked for decades with Medignostics, an aging employee understands well the policies of the firm, in addition to its goals and requirements. After all, the aging employee has spent plenty of years trying to improve upon his productivity and efficiency in the company. So, Weber refers to the â€Å"experience† of the older employee being of special significance to the company, seeing that the older employee is in a better position to take the company forward with his experiences of success and failure at Medignostics. To put it another way, the aging employee knows what works and what does not work at his firm. The young employee, on the other hand, would take his time to realize the basics of the company before he can even think of taking the company forward with his youthful energy that Heberer would like to fill the company with in place of the old employees. Weber believes that the older employees still have a lot to offer Medignostics. The 58-year-old Hausmann who has worked for the firm for 20 years has been seen to consistently improve his performance. He moved up in organizational rank from bookkeeping to account management. Weber would like Heberer to keep Hausmann employed, the reason being that Hausmann and other aging employees continue to have a lot to offer Medignostics. If Hausmann is not productive in his present function at the company, perhaps Weber would suggest that the older employee must be given a new job function to perform. After all, older employees may not only be extremely useful in marketing to all ages – seeing as they have lived through them all – but also in the area of organizational counseling. The wisdom of the older employees may benefit young employees tremendously. Older employees may also be given the chance to select their new job functions where they would be most productive, given that the organization trusts them more than it would trust its new employees. Hence, Weber would like Heberer to trust the fact that the older employee is truly wiser.

Copper Essay -- essays research papers

Copper   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Copper is a mineral. it is not a plant or a animal. Copper is a metallic metal. It can never be broken down into differnet substances by normal chemical means. Copper was one of the first metals known to humans. People liked it because in it’s native condition, it could easily be beaten into weapons or tools. Copper has been one of the most useful metals for over 5000 years. Copper was probably used around 8000 B.C by people living along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. In 6000 B.C, Egyptians learned how to hammer copper into things they wanted. Around 3500 B.C, People first learned how to melt copper with tin to make bronze. So the period between 3000 B.C and 1100 B.C became known as the bronze age.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Today, some of the leading states of the copper industry are Arizona with 747,000 short tons, Utah with 187,000 short tons, New Mexico with 161,000 short tons. Some other leading countries are Chile with 1,422,000 short tons, United States with 1,203,000 short tons, Soviet Union with 650,000 short tons, and Zambia with 596,000 short tons.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When copper is being mined, both Native copper and copper ore are usually found. The highest grade of copper ore is pale silvery gray. Miners used to be always in danger in copper mines. Today, we have redu...

Colonialism, Imperialism, and Greed in Conrads Heart of Darkness :: Heart Darkness essays

Colonization and Greed in Heart of Darkness The book Heart of Darkness written by Joseph Conrad is a masterpiece in literature. Conrad obtained many of his perspectives for his work from `hands on experience' and also from his harsh background and childhood. When Conrad was still a child his father was exiled to Siberia because of suspicions on plotting against the Russian government. After his mother died, Conrad's father sent him to his mother's brother in Krakow for education purposes. This was the last time Conrad ever saw his father. After Conrad had turned seventeen, he traveled to Marseilles and spent the next twenty years on an English ship, (eight years later he became a British subject). Conrad began writing his first novel Almayer's Folly in 1889, and began to actively search for a way to fulfill his dream of traveling to the Congo. In 1890 Conrad took command of a steamship in the Belgian Congo. Conrad's experiences in the Congo paved the way and the outline for his brilliant novel Heart of Darkness. Du ring his time in the Congo, Conrad's health took a devastating blow so he returned to England to recover. Returning to sea twice before finishing Almayer's Folly in 1894 Conrad wrote several other books including one about Marlow which was called Youth (a narrative before beginning Heart of Darkness in 1898). Conrad wrote most of his other major works Lord Jim (which features Marlow), Nostramo and The Secret Agent as well as several collaborations with Ford Madox during the following two decades. Conrad died in 1924 but will always have and hold a place in the hearts of many readers. In his book Heart of Darkness Conrad gives the reader an understanding of how the Africans were mistreated during colonization. The book also pinpoints many cases that show the greed and selfishness of imperialism. The evilness of how the Africans were treated is critiqued well in a quote "the men who work for the company describe what they do as `trade' and their treatment of native Africans is part of a benevolent project of civilization" (http://www.sparknotes.com; Heart of Darkness). This is a very true statement which shows that the way the colonizers treated the African was more like slaves rather than people. Colonialism, Imperialism, and Greed in Conrad's Heart of Darkness :: Heart Darkness essays Colonization and Greed in Heart of Darkness The book Heart of Darkness written by Joseph Conrad is a masterpiece in literature. Conrad obtained many of his perspectives for his work from `hands on experience' and also from his harsh background and childhood. When Conrad was still a child his father was exiled to Siberia because of suspicions on plotting against the Russian government. After his mother died, Conrad's father sent him to his mother's brother in Krakow for education purposes. This was the last time Conrad ever saw his father. After Conrad had turned seventeen, he traveled to Marseilles and spent the next twenty years on an English ship, (eight years later he became a British subject). Conrad began writing his first novel Almayer's Folly in 1889, and began to actively search for a way to fulfill his dream of traveling to the Congo. In 1890 Conrad took command of a steamship in the Belgian Congo. Conrad's experiences in the Congo paved the way and the outline for his brilliant novel Heart of Darkness. Du ring his time in the Congo, Conrad's health took a devastating blow so he returned to England to recover. Returning to sea twice before finishing Almayer's Folly in 1894 Conrad wrote several other books including one about Marlow which was called Youth (a narrative before beginning Heart of Darkness in 1898). Conrad wrote most of his other major works Lord Jim (which features Marlow), Nostramo and The Secret Agent as well as several collaborations with Ford Madox during the following two decades. Conrad died in 1924 but will always have and hold a place in the hearts of many readers. In his book Heart of Darkness Conrad gives the reader an understanding of how the Africans were mistreated during colonization. The book also pinpoints many cases that show the greed and selfishness of imperialism. The evilness of how the Africans were treated is critiqued well in a quote "the men who work for the company describe what they do as `trade' and their treatment of native Africans is part of a benevolent project of civilization" (http://www.sparknotes.com; Heart of Darkness). This is a very true statement which shows that the way the colonizers treated the African was more like slaves rather than people.

In my everyday life how do I measure success and failure Essay

The aim of this paper is to discuss how to measure success and failure in everyday life. The evaluation of the social concept of success should start with acknowledging that social definition of success varies from culture to culture and even from one social group to another. In other words, every society has its own belief about what social success is. For example, if a person drives a 2007 Jaguar and lives in a nice house, he or she is regarded as successful by society norms. People are trying to move up the social ladder because the society is placing a lot of pressure on them to belong to the highest class possible. Government uses the relationship between social class (lower, middle, and upper) to suggest that society is equally just. Growing up in the city, I could witness stereotypical views of low income families. I could witness people being discriminated because they didn’t have nice suits or dresses, and their vocabulary was not equal to or better than the person they were talking to. Sometimes the idea of social success puts too much pressure on people so they sometimes forget their morals and values. The problem is all they want to do is to reach new social status because that is what society has led them to believe and what society expects of them. My grandfather often cited a southern saying that reads as follows: â€Å"Money is the root of all evil. † Through the years I often wondered if he was correct. Society describes lower class as government assisted or a troublesome group of people. Hanratty and Meditz stated that â€Å"[i]n contrast, the masses were composed of the illiterate and the impoverished who lived on the margin of subsistence and possessed little or no security, skill, or stable employment. † I disagree with Hanratty and Meditz statement: most lower class people do have work-related skills and are literate. In a lower class neighborhood at a local barber shop there are always conversations about how the upper class is destroying the lower class, and why lower class people cannot integrate into the mainstream society. Some would say that their major obstacle on the way to social success is fear or ability to adapt to change. Lower class is aware that they are labeled; however, they are determined to be a driving force in society. The stereotype of a successful family implies that a husband and a wife have an income that allows them to live in a nice neighborhood. Society would classify that family as middle class. Samuelson writes that â€Å"[c]ompounding the stress, the price of entry into the middle class is always rising. The more we can have, the more we must have. Keeping up with the Joneses is the curse of our advances and ambitions† (19). The problem with middle class and the problem of trying to belong there is that the upper class considers itself middle class at times. It forces hard-working middle class people to work harder, often taking on two jobs to maintain their social status. Some upper class people continue to downplay their status as middle class. That would put pressure on truly middle class people to stay (or even move up) in the social status. Expectation of what society requires of the middle class often puts pressure on the middle class to advance. Being born into wealth has been the only way to integrate in the upper class. Today the upper class is comprised of a diverse group of people unlike years before when the rich just had to travel and throw socials. The perception of upper class as seen on television is sometimes different from reality, as the rich have large amounts of money and can abuse their power. The rich are excuse from a lot of mishaps, while the middle and lower class would have not received the same treatment. Domhoff writes that â€Å"[f]rom infancy through young adulthood, members of the upper class receive a distinctive education. This education begins early in life in preschools that frequently are attached to a neighborhood church of high social status. Schooling continues during the elementary years at a local private school called a day school. Higher education will be obtained at one of a small number of heavily endowed private universities. Harvard, Yale, Princeton, and Stanford head the list, followed by smaller Ivy League schools in the East and a handful of other small private schools in other parts of the country† (24). The upper class continues to work hard on staying on top: they put pressure on themselves and their children to stimulate them to stay in the same social class. What we as society fail to realize is that success comes from within. In every culture there are social problems that result from being in a certain situation. Everybody has their own definition of what success is; definitions of success range from being rich, driving a fancy car, and living in a big house to simply being in good health and having a stress-free life. I have read a lot of articles through the years on what it takes to be successful and I stil.

Loss of Innocence in Lord of the Flies Essay

Within the novel innocence is progressively lost through the boys. The boys were placed in a situation where they had no other choice but to grow up, and grow up fast. These boys were put in a very traumatic situation and they had to learn on their own and from each other how to survive and almost create a thriving society all on their own. Slowly they learn that their needs to be a leader, but there are no adults to precede the role of authority. Therefore the children resume power and take the role of authority. All these things make the boys lose their innocence and become very violent. No one is completely innocent and everyone has the ability to turn violent, this is demonstrated in William Golding’s novel, Lord of the Flies. Having their plane crash on an abandoned island with no civilization is something everyone would find traumatizing, especially boys from the ages of about 6-12. With no adults many of the boys do not know what to do. Being put in such a traumatizing situation they learn how to grow up very fast. This is where a lot of the boys innocence is lost simply because they do not know how to act as adults and because of this they act in a violent matter â€Å"You should have seen the blood!† (70). Here is an example of how the boys take violence as something exciting, something fun, when really there is nothing good or fun in violence. Very quickly the boys realize that they need to start some survival skills if they would like to stay alive. For some of the boys this is all new, some know nothing. Luckily others have been put in situations where they have needed survival skills so some can think creatively and use materialistic objects to survive. â€Å"His specs- use them as burning glasses!† (40) Here is an example for the boys using materials they have with them to survive on the island alone. They use Piggy’s glasses to create a fire by reflecting the sun off of them. With no adult or no authority to tell them what to do, the boys have to know how to survive on their own and work off of each other. These boys have never had to take over a role of authority that normally  adults have. They have never had such power to control people. This causes complete chaos and lots of violence breaks out due to the feud between Ralph and Jack. The problem with children resuming the roles of adults is that they do not have the experience or knowledge to resume these roles. There is a major lack of authority and power on the island. What happens is that both Jack and Ralph resume authority which divides up the group of boys. â€Å"’I’m chief,’ said Ralph, ‘because you chose me. And we were going to keep the fire going. Now you run after food—‘†(150). This is Ralph claiming his authority. â€Å"I ought to be chief,† said Jack with simple arrogance, â€Å"because I’m chapter chorister and head boy. I can sing C sharp.† (22). This is Jack claiming authority. Both boys believe that they have authority and they do not get along with one another. Jack turns quite violent in the novel and is violent towards the other boys. The violence that the boys have towards each other is a major part of their loss of innocence. I believe that the boys in Lord of the Flies suffered from loss of innocence in a very fast and drastic way. They had to learn how to move on from such a tragic and traumatizing situation and learn on the spot how to survive as well as well as how to thrive as a society and work together. Although the boys might not have succeeded in their objectives, but the efforts made to work towards these objectives are what caused their loss of innocence. There are people who will never be deemed violent, whether its because of their age or level of maturity. Small children are perceived as being innocent and adults are seen as mature and self-composed. Yet, William Golding presents a very different opinion in this novel. Golding suggests that under certain circumstances and in the right situation, anyone, even a child can become a savage. Everyone has the ability to turn violent it is just a matter of the situation and the circumstances. Works Cited Page Golding, William. Lord of the Flies. Toronto: Penguin, 2006. Print.

Investigatory Project Mosquito Repellent

I. IntroductionA. Background of the StudyMosquitoes are common pests in the tropics they have been known to cause many disease to most people. The real danger of mosquito lie their ability to transmit diseases like yellow fever, malaria, and dengue people have used various instruments control the mosquito problem in homes. The most commonly used chemical insecticides sprays. Most of these can destroy mosquitoes but they can also do serious damage to humans as well. So the researchers decide to make a new change into our lives researchers prefer a natural insecticide in is not only affordable but it is also a health caring not like in chemical it is toxic and it is not environmental friendly in this case our planet earth undergoes a global warming so instead using a chemicals we used a natural ones.B. Significance of the ProjectIt can prevent and use to kill mosquitoes in our house or anywhere it also prevent the insect borne disease like malaria, yellow fever, dengue and many more it is not hazard into our health because its ingredients is finely arranged to make this project in a good phase it has good basis to use for likewise chemical repellent is not good for our health because of the chemicals, chemical is toxic to our health. And it is environment friendly not like the chemical ones not only our health is affected when we use a chemical insect repellent but also our dear mother Earth its chemical release cfc gases (ChloroFluoroCarbon) that traps the heat in our planet and causes global warming.C. Statement of the ProblemIs a natural mosquito repellent as effective and safer to use, commercial mosquito repellents found in markets? Can it be used in long ranges?D. HypothesisThe natural mosquito repellent is more safe and effective than the commercial repellent found in markets because it doesn’t contain chemicals.E. Objectives1. To have an alternative for a chemical insecticides.2. To kill mosquitoes and to prevent diseases coming from mosquitoes tha t results in death.3. To protect your family in the real danger of mosquito like malaria and dengue.F. Scope and LimitationsThis product is not to be used in wide area because it cannot kill all mosquitoes for only one time spraying and of course it is not like the chemical ones in a trial it can kills some of those and the delimitations is it not harmful in our environment because it is an environmental friendly and it cannot affect our health because it is made up of natural ingredients made up of nature product so that it is not harmful.G. Definition of TermsMalaria- an intermittent and remittent fever caused by a protozoan parasite which invades the red blood cells and is transmitted by mosquitoes in many tropical and subtropical regions. Mosquito- a slender long-legged fly with aquatic larvae. The bite of the bloodsucking female can transmit a number of serious diseases including malaria and elephantiasis. Dengue- a debilitating viral disease of the tropics, transmitted by mosq uitoes, and causing sudden fever and acute pains in the joints. Insecticides- a substance used for killing insects.Chemicals- a distinct compound or substance, especially one which has been artificially prepared or purified. Toxic- substance means any chemical or mixture that may be harmful to the environment and to human health if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through the skin. Organic- Any member of a  large class of chemical compounds whose molecules compound carbon.II. Review of Related LiteratureA. Related LiteratureAccording to blogspot.com , an insect repellent is a substance applied to skin or clothing, other substance it may be in solid form or in liquid form which discourages insects from landing or climbing on that surface. Insect repellent help prevent and control the outbreak of insect borne diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever and other diseases. Pest animals commonly serving as vectors for disease include the insects flea fly and mosquito. Mosquito es have complex methods of detecting hosts and different types of mosquitoes react to different stimuli.Most mosquitoes are active at dawn and dusk but there are also mosquitoes that seek hosts during the day. You can avoid being bitten by making sure you aren’t attracting mosquitoes, using attractants to lure mosquitoes else where, using a repellent, and avoiding actions that diminish the effectiveness of the repellent. It has been claimed that it can be used as a home remedy to help speed recovery from throat or other minor ailments because of it antibiotic properties. Treatment, health benefits & side effects with Science Investigatory Project Review Related Literature About Mosquito Repellent products.Many of the sources come from our Encyclopedia of Natural Health and include relevant health topics. Uses vary, but may include Fighting Bacterial and Viral Infections, and Boost Mental Focus Utilizing Phospholipids and are non-FDA reviewed or approved, natural alternatives, to use for Chemotherapy, and Weakened Immune System. Science Investigatory Project Review Related Literature About Mosquito Repellent products are reviewed below.

What ideas about gender and sexuality are communicated by contemporary Essay

What ideas about gender and sexuality are communicated by contemporary fashion images - Essay Example (Pleck, 1981) This is the point where ideas about fashion depict society’s gender relations. These ideas will be examined in detail in the subsequent portions the essay. Brod (1995) asserts that in the past, masculinity was clearly defined in the workplace. In the twentieth Century, most men were considered as breadwinners and women were expected to be home makers. However, industrialisation changed this as work became more mechanised. Men were not the only ones who could provide labour. With time, more and more women began penetrating into positions that were previously considered masculine. They started doing clerical jobs and others even took over as the main providers in their families. Eventually, what was considered a male domain had now been changed/. Many philosophers have suggested that this is the source of gender struggles that have been become a common feature in today’s society. Kimmel (1996) explains that the shift in masculinity has created unclear images about the male gender. For instance, one may expect men to show elements of their emotions yet at the same time claim that there should be strong and heroic. Men who may not depict these types of behaviour may be considered a socially deviant. This gender crisis has been depicted in fashion images. Before the crisis, fashion images mostly focused on women as objects of consumption while men on the other hand were objects of production. Most fashion items concentrated on women as their most important clients. However, with the introduction of technology, there was a shift from that point of view. Men were now considered as important consumers. Marketing plans and depictions also depicted masculine fashion items. Perhaps the most outstanding aspect of the corporate world can be seen in the ‘suit’. The male suit is box in shape and creates a regular shape of any wearer hence hiding some of the natural curves associated with individuals.

Main Problems in Rocky Road School District Essay

Main Problems in Rocky Road School District - Essay Example Arriving into a new school district that is disastrous and full of problems and be stressful and overwhelming for a Superintendent but things can always be turned around. The first initial step is to take control of the situation immediately and figure out which issues need to be addressed first. When reviewing the Rocky Road School District, a few of the issues include but are not limited to; lawsuits from past parents and teachers, teacher contract negotiations, low test scores and a disconnect between parents and school because of bad communication. Each of these issues will need a plan of action to ensure that issues are handled in a timely fashion. When these issues are handled the Superintendent can work on rebuilding the school district. After determining how to go about the lawsuits and any important information that might help, we will then focus on increasing our test scores, student achievement and teacher and principal readiness. Staff in each school need to understand th e importance of teamwork and how we can all work together to increase and better student achievement because the change starts with staff first. Included in this staff are teachers, principals, students, specialists and more. Everyone in the building brings something special to the team and we can all learn something from each other.

Physical Activity and Academic Performance Essay

Physical Activity and Academic Performance - Essay Example As social psychology is the study of human behaviour in social contexts, much of the investigation into the factors that contribute to exercise and sport behavior, and the understanding of the relationships among these factors have been conducted by applying theoretical approaches from social psychology (Biddle and Nigg, 2000). This sociological approach to social psychology examines the effects of personal experience, meanings, language, culture, ideology, and the material or physical environment on the 'lived experience' of individuals in those contexts and, in particular, their relationships with others. The key unit of analysis in this approach tends to be representations, stereotypes, and cultural images and how they relate to people's construction and interpretation of the meaning they attribute to themselves and others on the basis of these broad social influences (Biddle and Mutrie, 2001). Many prominent athletes and coaches believe that although sport is played with the body, it is won in the mind. If psychological intervention improves physical performance, there can also be possibility that physical activity could also improve mental performance. This gives rise to the question as to whether regular physical activity improves mental performance and related academic achievements in academic settings including those for young learners. This question has validity from the social perspectives since if relevant evidence can be gleaned from the research articles; this can generate a means to improve academic achievement through promotion of regular physical activities including sports in the academic settings (Bodin and Hartig, 2003). Research Hypotheses In recent years, a great deal of research evidence has accumulated to show that regular physical activity is associated with a range of physical and mental health benefits (Mutrie, 2002). Despite this suggestion and many circumspective evidences, there is reluctance to take up physical activity in the academic settings and even of started, there are problems in maintaining it. Data suggest most adult populations do not engage themselves in regular physical activities, and even if they begin, they do not continue or pursue exercise on a regular basis. These suggest not only that lack of physical inactivity is a growing concern for many communities but also that intervention campaigns are required to promote exercise initiation and adherence (Marcus and Forsyth, 2003). It has been observed that interventions of this magnitude present with formidable barriers. Implementation of these need behavior changes, since it is frequent finding that despite feeling refreshed or invigorated follow ing exercise, many fail to continue to it. On the contrary their effects on young school going population had been inadequately researched. It is pertinent to consider that behavioral interventions can best be begun early on, and thus it would be worthwhile to find evidence whether physical exercise could be

History of Organized Crime in the United States Term Paper

History of Organized Crime in the United States - Term Paper Example Criminal organizations often keep their unlawful operations clandestine, and affiliates usually bestow by word of mouth. Bunch of criminals sometimes become amply methodical to be called organized. The work of engaging in criminal action as a structured faction is referred to in the US as racketeering. The Prohibition period of the 1920’s have augmented the organized crime syndicate in the US. Federal hard work to implement prohibition, including raids, was opposed by well-organized bootlegging operations with national as well as international connections. Scandalous groups now and then arise in closely binded migrant groups that do not trust the local police and the law. The Mafia, also known as La Cosa Nostra (Our Thing), or the Mob, is the umbrella name of numerous underground groups in the US. A member of the Mafia is called as Mafioso, or man of honor. Organized crime in US is money-spinning. The 1967 Presidents Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice felt that organized crimes takings was twofold that of the collective take of all other sorts of unlawful activities (Organized Crime. 2010). Charles Lucky luciano, American gangster of Italian origin was one of the famous gangsters of US. He got his nick name â€Å"lucky† after escaping a murder attempt on his life. He was an Italian American gangster with business like approach. He is credited with spiraling syndicate crimes into country wide organization based genuine models. He was born in Sicily and his family moved into New York City in 1906. At his early teens, Luciano established himself as a creative thug on the eastern side of the city. He eventually worked his way out to become one of the trusted lieutenants of crime boss Joe Masseria. During that time Masseria was engaged in turf war with his rival Salvatore Maranzano. Luciano in the meantime made a

Fiji Water Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Fiji Water - Research Paper Example en though, in 2008, the company forced to stop its operations for a while because of some disputes with the Fiji government over export duties, it settled all the issues and restarted the business again. Currently, FIJI Water Company is growing rapidly not only in America, but also in other parts of the world because of the excellent management practices implemented in the company. The success and growth of FIJI Water Company is a talking point in the business circle at present. The company succeeded in changing their business practices strictly in accordance with the requirements of the current globalized world which brought them enormous success. This paper briefly analyses the managerial success and excellence of FIJI Water Company. One of the major success factors of FIJI Water is their sustainable business strategies. No company can survive long if they look for their selfish goals alone. Even at the beginning itself, FIJI water gives more priority to their social responsibilities. FIJI water is a socially committed company which gives more preferences to the community needs than their business needs. FIJI water realized the fact that it is impossible for them to operate in a community if they fail to give something in return to the community resources they are exploiting. The following mission statements give us a rough idea about their social commitment policies. We strive to operate as a truly sustainable business and look continuously for opportunities to do a little better by our planet and our communities. That means that we are making investments in major environmental projects, changing the lives of tens of thousands of people through our philanthropic work and contributions, and advancing the growth and economic opportunities of the developing nation of Fiji by enabling its much needed participation in our global economy. FIJI Water is committed to advancing social welfare and economic opportunities of some of the most underprivileged communities

Eighteenth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt Essay Example for Free

Eighteenth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt Essay Discuss the achievements of Hatshepsut on events and issues that she is remembered for in History and assess her legacy to the world. Hatshepsut was one of the most powerful women in the ancient world. She was the fifth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt and the first female pharaoh. She ruled longer than any other woman in Egyptian history. Hatshepsut was pharaoh for approximately twenty-one years, from 1479 BC–1458 BC. Hatshepsut’s successful reign brought wealth to her country she helped shape Egypt into a stronger nation in many ways. Hatshepsut has been widely regarded as one of the most successful pharaohs throughout time and has left behind more monuments and works of art than any Egyptian queen. Hatshepsut’s parents were both from a royal background, and her father (Thutmose I) was Pharaoh when she was born. When Thutmose I died, Hatshepsut was about 15 years old, and Thutmose II took over as pharaoh. Thutmose II died after only three or four years of rule but historians have thought that during the reign of Thutmose II, Hatshepsut may actually have been in power. Hatshepsut had had a daughter, named Neferure, but Thutmose II also had a son, named Asset. When Thutmose II died, Thutmose III was still too young to rule, and Hatshepsut began to reign, using the title â€Å"God’s Wife†. This was an issue Hatshepsut had to face as people doubted a woman as a leader but the popularity of her father and her own charismatic presence enabled her to become a full pharaoh seven years into the reign of Thutmose III. Hatshepsut achieved a lot, including expanding territory, broadening trade, building and restoring temples, and maintaining stable order in Egypt. Egyptologists believed that there were no wars in the time she ruled, although evidence is now growing to suggest that Hatshepsut did protect her country against others that were invading Egypt. She mostly focused her efforts on constructing buildings and making Egypt a stronger, wealthier nation through trade. Hatshepsut reestablished the trade networks after the invasion of the Hyksos (a group of mixed Semitic-Asiatics) and in the ninth year of her reign, Hatshepsut sent a number of ships on a trading expedition to the distant land of Punt, located in the South of Egypt. The Punt trade provided goods (such as frankincense, gold and myrrh) that were essential to Egypt’s economic development and Hatshepsut continued to promote these trips. Archeologists and historians have noted that these expeditions have been featured on the walls of Hatshepsut’s temples. These expeditions brought great wealth to Egypt and enabled Hatshepsut to initiate building projects. Hatshepsut was one of the most prolific builders in ancient Egypt, commissioning several projects throughout both Upper and Lower Egypt. Hatshepsut restored and renovated several old buildings that had been damaged or destroyed by invading armies before her reign. Hatshepsut had monuments constructed at the Temple of Karnak she also restored the original Precinct of Mut (a temple used to worship the goddess of Mut). Not only did she restore and renovate, but she also started several building programs, for example, she built the Temple of Pahket, which is an underground, cavernous shrine. She also built her mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahri, which took 15 years to build is the most significant monument Hatshepsut has built. Egyptologists have assumed that Hatshepsut ruled a long, peaceful era but evidence is now growing to suggest that Hatshepsut was involved in warfare. The Deir el-Bahri mortuary temple provides us with fragments and inscriptions showing defensive military activity against the Ethiopians during Hatshepsuts reign. Hatshepsut was certainly prepared to fight to maintain the borders of her country and keep her country strong. In 1458 BC, when Thutmose III was due to rule, Hatshepsut disappeared with no evidence of how she died. Whether Thutmose III murdered her or not is not known. Hatshepsut’s tomb was destroyed and only her liver was found, preserved in a jar. It is likely that Thutmose III arranged for the removal of Hatshepsut’s name from all her constructions, but historians have found no accurate reasons of why Thutmose III did this. Hatshepsut showed to the world and her country that a woman was able to rule with great self-confidence and help bring wealth to their nation, her rise to the throne might have inspired others, such as Cleopatra. She would do anything for her country and was brave and charismatic. Hatshepsut left behind beautiful, sacred monuments promoting Egypt’s tourist industry and further more, bringing wonder to her country in the 21st century. Hatshepsut showed legacy to the world by taking charge and getting things done for the benefit of her country. She wasn’t one to stand around and rose to the throne with great confidence, showing her country that she was worthy to be a ruler. Hatshepsut left many monuments as her legacy, however, no construction work ordered by Hatshepsut is more remarkable or impressive than her mortuary temple complex at Deir el-Bahri, which took 15 years to build was found several centuries after its completion, buried beneath hundreds of tons of sand. Although some monuments have been destroyed, she showed to the world that she was a great leader and was appreciated by the people of her country. She has been remembered long after her death not only because of her physical legacy (through her monuments and projects), but also her legacy of success, peace and strategic ideas. This has been led to several makings of documentaries about her, including The Secrets of Egypt’s Lost Queen, which was aired on the discovery channel a few books have been written about her, such as Her Majesty the King by Patricia L ONeill. Hatshepsut was a great leader in Ancient Egypt and she showed confidence bravery to her country, as well as showing to the world that a woman was able to rule with charisma and courage.

Customer Satisfaction In Bank Of Ceylon

Customer Satisfaction In Bank Of Ceylon Abstract In this comparative commercial world, the bank has to satisfy the needs and wants of the customers, and has to attract new customers, and hence enhance their business. Service quality is considered through the banks strategies. Therefore, every bank has to emphasize on customer satisfaction. As far as the banks are concerned this phenomenon is very prominent. Banking sector has to improve and modernize their service. I have selected the subject Service quality and Customer satisfaction in Commercial bank of Ceylon limited in Jaffna District- Sri Lanka. This research article has three tasks. First task is a research proposal which includes the introduction of the subject, hypothesis and methodology. Second task includes Literature review, data presentation and data analysis. Third task states the findings and some recommendations from the analysis. Finally the information gathered from the questionnaire, relevant books, mails and annual reports. To the best of my ability in order to present the research report, I have used the above guides to the research. Please be excuse due to any mistakes in this study. -Researcher. Task 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION This research topic is Service quality and customer satisfaction in Commercial bank of Ceylon limited in Jaffna District- Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka is one of the developing countries in South Asia which has twenty five districts based on geographical and political system. Jaffna is one of the districts of Sri Lanka. There are different kinds of banks in Sri Lanka, such as, central bank, commercial bank, Exchange bank, Agricultural bank, saving bank, rural bank, and development bank etc. Commercial bank is selected for the research purpose in Jaffna district in Sri Lanka. This is an institution and accepts money from the public for non-interests bearing current accounts. A customer may withdraw on demand by cheque, the monies in his or her current account. Particular this bank is focused on the study. Banking institutions and their activities are vital for the development of the country. Customer satisfaction plays a major role in the banking activities in the competitive environment. So banks has to evaluate the satisfaction of customers. Parasuraman.P (1988) said that a persons feelings of pleasure or disappointment resulting from comparing a products perceived performance (or out come) in relation to his or her expectation. The banks are aiming for high satisfaction because customers who are just satisfied still find it easy to switch when a better offer comes along. The bank has invested heavily in researching the market to identify service quality. Today many banks undertake service quality through the satisfaction their customers. Service quality based on customers needs and wants expectation. Normally banks successfulness depends on large co-operate customers. This is profitability of banks .Therefore customers satisfaction is very useful concept about the banking sector. It can be achieved increasing customer service and service quality. 1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY Objectives are the end results of the process. Customer satisfaction also ends result of the service quality of the banking process. So the objective of the study is to know the organizations position. Through this study the researcher can get new ideas about service quality in banking sector and to improve customer satisfaction and can provide new ideas to modify any inefficient matters and can suggest any advantages and in future development. This research study will have some following objectives .these are Evaluation the service quality that the affect on customer satisfaction. Assessing the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction. To identify the reasons, the service improvement and why a bank improves customer satisfaction. To find out the significant factor, service quality for achieving customer satisfaction. Whether there is any relationship between in customer satisfaction and banks performance. If so, what type of relationship (positive/ negative). 1.3 SIGNIFICANSE OF YHE STUDY When we consider the significance of the study that provides some important factors to organization customers, employees and managers. If there is high customer satisfaction it will help full to organization and managers to get more customers. They can get much deposit and get more profit through this satisfaction. They can get a well goodwill in private banks also to provide a caring service quality .but on the other hand if there is dissatisfaction it is difficult to increase their market share. Customer satisfaction also helps to employees. If the employees give good service quality they can get good marks to their performance report on banking assistance, so it will help to their reward system. This study gives us a chance to understand to what extent the theoretical knowledge we have studied is being followed in practice .Study of working people may help us to understand clearly how the customer satisfaction of banking is important to meet the changing needs of the people to achieve the goals of the institution. 1.4 LIMITATIONS OF RESEARCH There must be some limitation to any event; it is not an expectation in this report. Though there are various factors causing service quality and customer satisfaction. Prevailing condition Due to the prevailing situation some customers and employees may not say whole true data strategies and benefits. Through there are various factors causing as service quality and customer satisfaction the following factors are taken this study. Improving service quality has high expresses, so it is not possible to implement immediately in Jaffna district. Select the sample of banks customers in the research with require their concern and it is there fore not expected to be with bias. This study has only tried to find out relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction is a human behaviour, that is difficult to measure The questionnaire will prepare specially for customer-(selected samples). 1.5 METHODOLOGY 1.5.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter allocated to describe the methodologies that have used in relation to this study. This includes conceptualization, operationalization, research sample, data collection techniques and method of analysis. Further the way of research sample was selected. The system adopted in collecting data techniques used in analysis, the data and the measures utilized for analyzing the dates are explained. 1.5.2 CONCEPTUALIZATION In the conceptual frame work, the researcher can compare the relationship between independent variable and dependent variable. The problem of the service quality and customer satisfaction in the banks could be conceptualized based on the factors assumed that can cause for this problem. The following conceptual frame work can be formulated. Conceptual frame work Tangibles Reliability Responsiveness Services Customer Quality Satisfaction Assurance Empathy In this frame work showed the relationship between the key variables of the dependent variable and independent variables. The services quality is independent variable and customer satisfaction is dependent variable. The service quality are consist tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy. If perceived service quality is equal to or, greater than expectation, the customer is satisfied. If perceived service quality is less than expectations the customer is dissatisfied. Services quality depends on five variables such as tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, and Empathy. In this variables are functioning in a better position there, quality service. It is issued by the firm. It is lead to customer satisfaction. OPERATIONALIZATION In this research the operationalization model is given below. Concept Variable Indicator Measurement Service Quality Tangible Reliability Responsiveness Assurance Empathy Questionnaire Questionnaire Questionnaire Questionnaire Questionnaire Questionnaire Questionnaire Questionnaire Questionnaire Customers Satisfaction Customers loyalty Customer complain Customer expectation Customer relationship Questionnaire Questionnaire Questionnaire Questionnaire Questionnaire Questionnaire Questionnaire Questionnaire RESEARCH SAMPLE In developing the research plan the research has to decide or, sample size, its composition and means of collecting data. There fore, for this research purpose a bank will be selected as sample. Commercial bank has been selected for this study in Jaffna district in Sri Lanka. Customer residing in some selected divisional areas of the Jaffna district was selected for this purpose. Samples for data collection are selected randomly. 1.5.5 DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES A scientific research is on the basis of Positivism and interpretivsm which are applied for this study. Primary data and secondary data were collected for the research work. Primary data was collected by the questionnaire through the gatekeeper who is working as a managing assistant in commercial bank (Jaffna branch, Sri Lanka). Secondary data has been collected from the Commercial bank of Ceylon Ltd, Jaffna from their annual report, articles, magazines and report and other related publications. Furthers such data has also been collected from publications, definitions about customers satisfaction. Questionnaire is a collection of written questions about the respondents attitudes, opinions, perceptions act. Information was collected by gatekeeper. Questionnaire was issued and collected randomly to the commercial banks customers in Jaffna district-Sri Lanka by gatekeeper. The questionnaire is included two parts. The questionnaire was prepared with questions in different sections to measure the customer satisfaction. These question were prepared based on the types of banks details such as, * Tangible * Responsiveness * Assurance * Empathy * Reliability and * Customer satisfaction. The questionnaire includes questions that are related to how far a bank has been attempted to fulfil the customer needs and wants. Marks were allocated in the following manner to the answer to the given questions. Very strongly Accepted 05 Accepted- 04 Not to do say 03 Rejected 02 Very Strongly Rejected- 01 1.5.6 HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY Hypotheses are the assumption that guides the research activity towards the ultimate finding based on the hypothesis. The researcher will go through the research activity including data collection analysis and then researcher will attain and ultimate conclusion. This research also has two hypotheses relating to customer satisfaction and service quality in respect of private banks. The moderator hypothesis is supported if the interaction is significant and although, there may also be significant main effects for the predictor and moderator, these are not directly relevant to testing the moderator hypothesis (Baron and Kenny, 1986; P 1174) According we report only the significant, interaction path co-efficient. The analyses revealed only two significant effects of moderation. Service failure moderated the effect of functional quality on overall satisfaction, and Communication moderated the effect of functional quality on functional satisfaction. H1 The service quality has mainly depended on the tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy with customer satisfaction. H2 -The service quality has an impact on customer satisfaction. 1.5.7 AN ACTION PLAN It is important to formulate an action plan to do the research. It is considered mainly six main steps for a scientific research such as; the research question, hypothesis, methodology, literature review, data collection and analysis, conclusion with recommendations. This study followed an action plan with a time table. 10/10/2009 Identify the research question or hypothesis 12/10/2009 Formulate the methodology 15/102009 Refer the literature review 19/10/2009 Data collection and analysis 02/11/2009 Presentation of findings 2.0 Task 2 2.1 LITERTATURE REVIEW 2.1.1 SERVICE QUALITY- DEFINITIONS Asubonteng (1996) said that it can be defined as the difference between customers expectations for service performance prior to the service encounter and their perceptions of the service received Gefan(2002) referred that Service quality as the subjective comparison that customers make between the qualities of the service. That they want to receive and what they get Parasuraman et al (1985, 1988) said that Service quality is determined by the differences between customers expectations of the services providers performance and their evaluation of the services the received 2.1.2 CUSTOMER VALUE Any promise is that customers will buy from the bank that they perceive offers the highest customers delivered value. The customer delivered value is the difference between total customer value and total customer cost. The total customer value is the bundle of benefits customers expect from a given product or service. Total customer cost is the bundle of costs customers expect to incur in evaluating, obtaining, using and disposing of the product or service. The researchers found five determinants of service quality. These are as follows. 01. Reliability: the ability to perform the promised service dependably and accurately 02. Responsiveness: the willingness to help customers and to provide prompt service. 03. Assurance convey: the knowledge courtesy of employees and their ability to trust and confidence. 04. Empathy: the provision of caring individualized attention to customers. 05 Tangibles: the appearance of physical facilities equipment, personal Communication materials Figure 1: Service quality model Service delivery (Including pre and past contacts) External Communications To consumers Translation of perception into service quality Management perception of consumer expectation Word of month Communication Personal Needs Past Experience Expected services Perceived services Gap 05 Gap 01 Gap 04 Gap 03 Gap -02 Gap 04 (Source: A parasuraman, Valarie, A Zeithamal and Leonard Berry, Journal of Marketing, fall 1985) 2.1.3 DEFINITION OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION Kotler said that Satisfaction is a persons feelings of pleasure or disappointment resulting from comparing a products perceived performance (or out come) in relation to this or her expectations (Kotler, 2000, p 36) Hount said that Satisfaction is a function of customers belief that he or she was treated fairly (Hount 1991) 2.1.4 METHODS OF TRAKING AND MEASURING CUSTOMER STATIFACTION Marketing concepts and tools describe how companies can track customer satisfaction. Companies use the following methods to measure how much customer satisfaction they are creating. Complaint and suggestion systems A customer centred organization makes it easy for its customers to deliver suggestions and complaints. Many restaurants and hotels provide forms for guests to report like or dislike. Companies are also adding web pages and e -mail to facilitate two way communication. These information flows provide companies with good ideas and enable them to act quickly to resolve problems. Customer satisfaction surveys Studies show that although customers are dissatisfied with one out of every for purchases, less than five percent of dissatisfied customers will complain. Most customers will buy less or switch suppliers complaint levels are thus not a good measure of customer satisfaction, responsive companys measure customer satisfaction directly by conduction periodic surveys they send questionnaires or make telephone calls to a random sample of recent customer. They also solicit buyers views on their competitors performances. Lost customer analysis Companies should contact customers who have stopped buying or who have switched to another supplier to learn why this happened. It is necessary to monitor the customer loss rate. If it is increasing this clearly indicates that the company is failing to satisfy customers, 2.1.5 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERVICE QUALITY AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION Spreng and Mackoy (1996) had also found the path coefficient between service quality satisfactions to be significant (Lee et al 2000) wood side (1989) had found similar empirical evidence. The findings of Lee et al (2000), who have studied customers of an entertainment park and an aerobic school also supports this argument. The Lock of consensus in the causality between these two constructs has been caused mainly by the use of the constructs at different levels by researchers (Lee et al 2000) those who argue that satisfaction is an antecedent of perceived service quality have treated perceived quality as a global construct while treating satisfaction as an encounter (or transaction) specific construct. The majority of those who have found perceived service quality to be an antecedent rather than a transaction specific construct. Further some researchers have argued that perceived quality could also play a role at transaction level. at this level, it is found to be an antecedent of satisfaction with the transaction (Rust and Oliver, 1994) what is evident from the foregoing discussion is that When the level of aggregation of both constructs is identical, there is less dispute that quality is an antecedent to satisfaction (Roest and Pieters, 1997) 2.2.0 DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS 2.2.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter presents and analyses the data collected from samples from banking sector. This chapter tries to find out the relationship between the variables by using correlation and regression analyses with graphs by using SPSS and Microsoft Excel Packages. Further more, here the researcher examined the average of variables and percentage of variables and explains the relationship and comparisons by using the bar charts. 2.2.1 CORELATION ANALYSIS Correlation analysis is a statistical analysis, which statistically measures the extent and nature of the relationship between two variables. That means if changes of two variables are associated with each other, they are said to be correlates. It signifies a relationship between them. In this research this analysis is under taken to find out the relationship between. Quality of Tangibles and customer satisfaction. Quality of Reliability and customer satisfaction. Quality of Responsiveness and customer satisfaction. Quality of Assurance and customer satisfaction. Quality of Empathy and customer satisfaction. The co-efficient of correlation (r) is always between-1 and 1 and tells the type and strength of relationship between these variables. That is, if r is positive, there is positive relationship between the two variables. If r is less than zero that means there is negative relationship between two variables. The strength of relationship between the variables will be as follows. r= +1 indicates complete positive correlation. r= -1 indicates complete negative correlation. r= +/-0.5 indicates moderate correlation. r= +/-0.8 or +/-0.9 indicates strong correlation. r= +/-0.2 or +/-0.4 indicates weak correlation. r= 0 indicates zero or no correlation. Following tables illustrate the coefficient of correlation derived by the analysis for variables Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance and Empathy related to customer satisfaction in the Commercial bank of Ceylon Ltd. Table -1 coefficient of correlation between customer satisfaction and service quality Service Quality Customer satisfaction (r ) Tangible Reliability Responsiveness Assurance Empathy Total 0.229 0.579** 0.753** 0.388 0.641** 0.787** When interpreting the coefficient of correlation, the researcher can observe that, there is positive relationship between services quality and customer satisfaction in all cases. r is +0.787. The relationship is moderate in the case of service quality compared with customer satisfaction of the Commercial bank of Ceylon Ltd. In the case of tangible, the relationship between the tangible and customer satisfaction is positive relationship and also the relationship between the tangible and customer satisfaction is weak because the coefficient of correlation is + 0.229 between tangible and customer satisfaction. In the case of reliability, the relationship between the reliability and customer satisfaction is positive relationship and also the relationship between the reliability and customer satisfaction is moderate. The coefficient of correlation is + 0.578** between reliability and customer satisfaction. In the case of responsiveness, the relationship between the responsiveness and customer satisfaction is positive relationship and also the relationship between the responsiveness and customer satisfaction is strong. The coefficient of correlation is + 0.753** between responsiveness and customer satisfaction. In the case of Assurance, the relationship between the Assurance and customer satisfaction is positive relationship and also the relationship between the Assurance and customer satisfaction is weak. The coefficient of correlation is + 0.388 between Assurance and customer satisfaction. In the case of Empathy, the relationship between Empathy and customer satisfaction is positive relationship and also the relationship between the Empathy and customer satisfaction is moderate. The coefficient of correlation is + 0.641** between Empathy and customer satisfaction. There for, the relationship between total service quality and total customer satisfaction is strong positive relationship. The coefficient of correlation (r) 0.787** between total service quality and total customer satisfaction. The pattern of variation of the service quality as tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy in relation to the value of the satisfaction of the customer are as follows. Table 2 regression summary service quality and customer satisfaction in Commercial bank of Ceylon ltd in Jaffna district. Y= a + box Service quality a b r2 Tangible Reliability Responsiveness Assurance Empathy 61.0 38.1 22.9 49.6 36.8 0.229 0.578 0.753 0.388 0.641 0.053 0.334 0.567 0.151 0.411 Quality of tangible and customer satisfaction The regression equation of customer satisfaction in relation to the quality of the tangible in Commercial bank of Ceylon in Jaffna district is given below. Y=a+ bx Y= 61.0 + 0.229X Based on this equation when X increases by one unit, the value of y is increase by 0.229 that is the customer satisfaction is increased by 0.229 per each additional unit of tangible. This prediction equation is graphed in the following graph, along with a plot of the data points. Graph 1 Tangible and customer satisfaction Now let us check the usefulness of the hypothesized model that is whether X (tangible) really contributes information for the prediction of y (customer satisfaction) using the straight -line model. The coefficient of determination (r2) represents the proportion of the variation in y that is explained by the independent variable (x). In the case of customer satisfaction is 5.3% that means 5.3% of the variance in the customer satisfaction can be explained by the changes in the quality of tangible. This indicates that 94.7% of customer satisfaction will be influenced by the other factors. Quality of Reliability and customer satisfaction The regression equation of customer satisfaction in relation to the Quality of Reliability in Commercial bank of Ceylon Limited in Jaffna district is given below. Y= 38.1 + 0.578 X Based on this equation when X increases by one unit, the value y is increase by 0.578. That is the customer satisfaction increase by 0.578 per each additional units of Reliability. This prediction equation is graphed in the following graph with a Plot of the data points. Graph 2 Reliability and customer satisfaction Now, let us check the usefulness of the hypothesized model, that is, Whether X (Reliability) really contributes information for the prediction of Y (customer satisfaction) using the straight -line model. The coefficient of determination (r2) represents the proportion of the variation in Y that explained by the independent variable. In case of customer satisfaction is the reliability influences only 33.4% that means 33.4% of the variance in the customer satisfaction. This indicates that 66.6% of customer satisfaction will be influenced by the other factors. Quality of Responsiveness and customer satisfaction The regression equation of customer satisfaction in relation to the Quality of Responsiveness in Commercial bank of Ceylon Limited in Jaffna district is given below. Y= 22.9 + 0.753 X Based on this equation when X increase by one unit, the value Y will also increase by 0.753. That is the customer satisfaction will increase by 0.753 each additional units of Responsiveness. This prediction equation is graphed in the following graph along with a Plot of the data points. Graph 3 Responsiveness and customer satisfaction Now, let us check the usefulness of the hypothesized model, that is x (responsiveness) really contributes of information for the prediction of y (customer satisfaction) using the straight-line model. The coefficient of determination (r2) represents the proportion of the variation in y that explained by the independent variable. In the case of customer satisfaction is the Responsiveness influence only 56.7%. It means 56.7% of the variance in customer satisfaction. This indicates that 43.3% of customer satisfaction will be influenced by other factors. Quality of Assurance and customer satisfaction The regression equation of the customer satisfaction in relation to quality of Assurance in Commercial Bank Ceylon Limited in Jaffna district is given below. Y=49.6 + 0.388X Based on this equation when x increase by one unit, the value of y will also increase by 0.388. That is the customer satisfaction will increase by 0.388 per each additional units of Assurance. This prediction equation is graphed in the following graph, along with a plot of the data points. Graph 4 Assurance and customer satisfaction Now, let us check the usefulness of the hypothesized model, that is, whether x (Assurance) really contributes of information for the prediction of y (customer satisfaction) using the straight-line model. The coefficient of determination (r2) represents the proportion of the variation in y that explained by the independent variable. In case of customer satisfaction is the Assurance influences only 15.1% at mean, it means 15.1% of the variance in the customer satisfaction. This indicates the 84.9% of customer satisfaction will be influenced by other factors. 05. Quality of Empathy and customer satisfaction The regression equation of the customer satisfaction in relation to quality of Empathy in Commercial Bank of Ceylon Limited in Jaffna district is given below. Y= 36.8 + 0.641X Based on this equation when x increase by one unit, the value of y will also increase by 0.641. That is the customer satisfaction will increase by 0.641 per each additional units of Empathy. This prediction equation is graphed in the following graph, along with a plot of the data points. Graph 5 Empathy and customer satisfaction Now, let us check the usefulness of the hypothesized model, that is, whether x (Empathy) really contributes of information for the prediction of y (customer satisfaction) using the straight-line model. The coefficient of determination (r2) represents the proportion of the variation in y that explained by the independent variable. In case of customer satisfaction is the Empathy influences only 41.1% that means 41.1% of variance in customer satisfaction. This indicates the 58.9% of customer satisfaction will be influenced by other factors. Task 3 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 3.0 INTRODUCTION This is final chapter of this research. This chapter includes the findings of the research, hypotheses testing and recommendations. This chapter discusses the findings of the research and the test of the hypotheses whether the hypotheses are accepted or not. Further it gives suggestion to improve the service quality in order to achieve the customer satisfaction. 3.1 FINDING OF THE RESEARCH In this research, the researcher finds out the results based on the data presentation and data analysis used in this research a correlation, average and percentage. The area concerned with this research is banking sector with selected sample from Commercial bank of Ceylon Ltd in Jaffna district. According to the correlation analysis, the following findings are prepared. The relationship between the Tangible and customer satisfaction is positive and weak as at 0.229, Reliability and customer satisfaction is positive but moderate as at 0.578*, Responsiveness and customer satisfaction is positive and strong as at 0.753, Assurance and customer satisfaction is positive and weak as at 0.388 and Empathy and customer satisfaction is positive but moderate as at 0.641* in Commercial bank of Ceylon Ltd in Jaffna-Sri Lanka. Based on the re